The armies of Syria and Turkey traded deadly fire on Tuesday for the first time since Ankara launched an anti-Kurdish offensive in early October, as Russia announced
Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said Kurdish forces had pulled back from the entire border as per a deal struck between Ankara and regime backer Moscow in Sochi earlier this month.
"The withdrawal of armed units from territory where a security corridor should be created has been completed ahead of time," Mr Shoigu said.
Kurdish forces withdraw from the Turkish border with Syria, overseen by the Russian forces. Source: AP
The Turkish military and its Syrian proxies launched an offensive against , with the aim of creating a buffer zone roughly 30 kilometres deep.
Earlier this month, Kurdish forces agreed to withdraw from a 120-kilometre long, Arab-majority segment of the 440-kilometre border zone, but clashes have been reported since.
The Turkish presidency said joint Turkish-Russian patrols - also planned under the Sochi deal - would verify Kurdish forces' withdrawal.
Russian troops escort Kurdish forces as they fall back, away from the Turkish front. Source: AP
Mr Shoigu said Syrian border guards and Russian military police had already been deployed in the area.
But the situation was complicated by clashes between Syrian and Turkish forces on Tuesday.
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that "heavy fighting erupted for the first time between the Syrian and Turkish armies", adding that six Syrian soldiers were killed near the key border town of Ras al-Ain.
"Turkish artillery fire killed five regime forces in battles on the edge of the village of Assadiya," Rami Abdel Rahman, the head of the Observatory, told AFP.
Turkish soldiers secure the Syrian town of Ras al Ayn, northeastern Syria, as part of their advance. Source: DHA
He added that Syrian fighters used by Turkey as the main ground force for the invasion had executed a government soldier they had captured.
Later Tuesday, the Observatory reported more clashes between regime forces and Turkey's Syrian proxies.
Turkey’s Foreign Affairs Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu said: “we cannot trust the terrorists”.
"We halted operation, in that area, in the northeastern part of Syria. If we see any YPG/PKK terrorists we will not hesitate to take action to eliminate them," he said.
Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu at the Syrian Constitutional Committee meeting in Geneva. Source: Keystone
Patrols
Left in the lurch after US troops withdrew from the border area, Kurdish forces turned to the Syrian government for protection.
The regime's forces moved quickly north and are now expected to deploy along much of the border zone.
Turkish-Russian patrols in a 10-kilometre-deep strip were to start on Tuesday, but strikes near the border town of Derbasiyeh threatened that deadline, both the Observatory and Syrian state media reported.
The Observatory said Turkish and Russian military units had been due to meet at a border crossing to discuss the upcoming patrols.
Turkish soldiers, with pro-Turkish Syrian paramilitaries atop a building next to their flags in the Syrian town of Ras al Ayn, northeastern Syria. Source: DHA
But on Tuesday, Syrian state news agency SANA reported "Turkish mortar fire on the Derbasiyeh border crossing", some 60 kilometres east of Ras al-Ain, and said six Syrian civilians had been wounded.
It added that rounds were fired as Russian military police were driving by.
The Syrian Democratic Forces, de facto army of the moribund autonomous Kurdish administrated territory, has voiced reservations over the Sochi deal.
The agreement, to which the Kurds are not signatories, essentially hands much of their heartland to the regime.
US presence
Before Moscow launched a military intervention in Syria in 2015, President Bashar al-Assad barely controlled half of Syria's territory, with rebels, jihadists and Kurdish forces holding swathes of the country.
With Russian help, he clawed back much of the ground he had lost in the course of the grinding war, now in its ninth year.
The United States allied with the SDF in 2014 to fight the Syrian side of the war 
That phase of the conflict ended in March this year with the demise of the proto-state's last bastion in eastern Syria and US President Donald Trump's indications that he wanted to pull American troops out of the Syrian quagmire.
Syrian government forces take a short break in the town of Tal Tamr, north Syria. Russia and Turkey announced an agreement to joint patrols. Source: AP
US forces had been acting as a buffer between Turkey and the Kurds, both theoretically US allies, but that ended when they pulled back from the border at the beginning of October.
The White House then announced US forces were leaving the country altogether but they have since redeployed further east around oil wells in areas still under Kurdish control.
"We want to keep the oil, and we'll work something out with the Kurds," Mr Trump said.
