Indian troops suffered new losses on Monday in a fierce battle with Kashmir militants that left at least nine dead just days after in the troubled territory, officials said.
The confrontation piled more pressure on the Indian government, which has blamed Pakistan for Thursday's suicide attack on a paramilitary convoy that sparked widespread calls for action against the country's neighbour and nuclear arch-rival.
Shooting continued for hours after military and police sources reported that four soldiers, two militants and a civilian were killed in Pulwama district, south of Srinagar, the main city in Indian-administered Kashmir.
An army major was among the dead, according to the Indian army. Police said another soldier and a civilian were critically wounded.
Indian paramilitary forces are seen patrolling the streets of Srinagar after clashes. Source: Getty Images
"The encounter is still on," Colonel Rakesh Kalia, a military spokesman in Kashmir, said.
Hundreds of soldiers raided villages and fired warning shots at a suspected militant hideout, unleashing the firefight in the village of Pinglan.
Some of the militants were believed to have escaped, police said, and government forces cordoned off other villages as they gave chase.
Government forces launched a massive hunt for militants after an explosives-packed van rammed a convoy transporting 2,500 security forces in Thursday's assault.
The was claimed by Pakistan-based militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), which said a local supporter was driving the vehicle.
Kashmir has been split between India and Pakistan since independence from Britain in 1947. Both claim the Himalayan region and have fought two wars over the territory.
New Delhi accuses Pakistan of harbouring the militant group and has vowed retaliation to avenge the deaths.
Within hours of the attack, New Delhi withdrew trade privileges for Islamabad and ended police protection to four Kashmiri separatist leaders.
Pakistan has denied a role in the attack, insisting the Islamist group is a proscribed "terrorist organisation".
JeM is one of several militant groups fighting Indian troops in Kashmir, with the rebels experiencing a resurgence after a popular rebel commander's death in 2016 triggered months of mass street protests.
Calls for revenge
The shock attack has fuelled anger across India with demonstrators demanding military action against Pakistan.
India launched what it called 'surgical strikes' on targets in Pakistani Kashmir in September 2016, 11 days after a militant attack on an Indian army base in Kashmir which left 19 soldiers dead.
Pakistan says the strikes never took place.
Many small businesses and shops in markets across New Delhi were shut Monday to protest against Thursday's attack. Calls for a nationwide shutdown met with a mixed response.
Protesters in New Delhi on Sunday burned effigies of Pakistani and JeM leaders while attacks on Kashmiris were reported in different cities.
A Kashmiri man was beaten by a mob in New Delhi that accused him of chanting anti-India slogans. He was later detained by police.
A curfew remained in force for the fourth day in Jammu city, in the Hindu-majority part of Kashmir, where mobs attacked and set fire to properties belonging to Kashmiri Muslims.
A map of the Kashmir region. Source: SBS News
Thousands of residents in the city have either fled back to the Himalayan valley or have taken refuge in Muslim-majority areas.
Mobile internet has been shut down across the state to stop "rumours" from spreading.
Kashmir is the world's most militarised zone with some 500,000 Indian troops deployed to fight a rebellion that broke out in 1989. Scores of armed groups are now involved.
Tens of thousands of people, mainly civilians, have died in the conflict. Violence has spiked since 2016 with almost 600 killed last year, the highest toll in a decade.
