Maxaa ka socda Sudan? Qaabka dagaalkan cusub uga bilowday dalka

A violent power struggle between two rival armed forces, dozens killed in fresh waves of conflict and dashed hopes for a civilian-led democracy: how did Sudan get here?

Sudan has been riven by a governance crisis since a military coup in October 2021. Source: Getty / Anadolu Agency

Key Points

• Violence has erupted in Sudan between the country's two rival armed forces.
• Dozens are dead and hundreds injured as a power struggle for leadership rages on.
• The latest wave of violence stems from the country's recent political turbulence.

Xiisada ayaa aad u kacsan Sudan iyada oo dagaal ka dhex qarxay ciidanka xooga iyo ciidanka gurmadka degdega ah.

Mawjadan cusub ee dagaalka ayaa ka bilaabatay caasimada Khartuum maalintii Sabtida taas oo sababtay dhimashada dad ka badan 59 qof oo ay ku jiraan sadex ka tirsanaa shaqaalaga Qaramada Midoobay, halka dad ka badan 600 ay ku dhaawacmeen.

Dagaalkan oo aysan jirin wax calaamad ah oo muujinaya inuu qaboobayo, ayaa ka dhashay qulqulad siyaasadeed. Haddaba waa kan wax kasta oo aad u baahan tahay inaad ka ogaado sida halkan lagu soo gaaray.

Yaa ka taliya Sudan?

Ciidanka xooga Sudan oo SAF loo soo gaabaiyo ayaa hadda dalka ka taliya, waxaana hogaamiya General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan.

Ciidanka ayaa ku guulaystay cinqilaab 2019 kadib markii ay dadku naceen kaligi taliskii 30 sano dalka soo xukumayay ee Omar al-Bashir.

Sudanese Armed Forces chief and de facto head of state, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Source: SBS / Ashraf Shazly

Milatariga ayaa ogolaaday inay awooda la qaybsadaan maamul rayid ah ka hor doorashada iyadoo hamigu ahaa in dawlada dimoqraadi ah la dhiso.

Laakiin heshiiskaas ayaa waxaa si lama filaan ah ganafta ugu dhuftay cinqilaab kale oo dhacay October 2021, kaas oo sii kiciyay xiisada ka jirtay dalka sidoo kalana meesha ka saartay rajadii laga qabay dawlad dimoqraadi ah oo rayid ah.

Maxay yihiin ciidanka RSF?

Ciidanka Gurmadka Degdega ah (RSF) ayaa ah ciidan awood leh. Hogaamiyaha RSF Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, ama Hemedti – ayaa hore uga hooseeyay General al-Burhan oo uu ahaa ku xigeen.

Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemedti, is the commander of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitary group. Source: Getty / Yasuyoshi Chiba

Dadka siyaasada falanqeeya ayaa ku qiyaasaya in ciidanka RSF ay gaarayaan 100 kun oo askari oo dalka oo dhan ku fidsan.

RSF ayaa laga asaasay maleeshiyaadkii Janjaweed oo ka soo dagaalamay dagaalkii lagu hoobtay ee 2000 aadkii ee gobolka Darfur, halkaas oo maleeshiyadan loo isticmaalay si ay kooxo falaago ah u xakameeyaan. Dagaalkaas ayaa 300 kun oo qof ku dhinteen halka ay 2.5 milyan ay ku dhaawacmeen.

Markii dagaalkii Darfur dhamaadayna, RSF ayaa awoodeedii sii korortay. Askarta RSF ayaa masuuliyado dheeraad ah qaatay, sida inay xaduuda Sudan ilaaliyaan inay ka garab dagaalamaan ciidamada Sacuudiga iyo Imaaraadka dagaalka Yemen.

SAF iyo RSF ayaa xiriir dhow dhex maray markii heshiis awood qabsi ah uu dhex maray wixii ka danbeeyay cinqilaabkii 2021, laakiin waxay isku khilaafeen sidii dalka loo xukumi lahaa.

Maxaa la isku dagaalayaa?

Ciidanka xooga Sudan iyo kooxo u ololeeya dimoqraadiyada ayaa dalbaday in RSF lagu daro ciidanka xooga ee caadiga ah.

Wadahadalada isku dhafka labada ciidan ayaa xiisad dhalisay taasina daahisay in la saxiixo heshiis hore lagu waday 1 bisha Abriil in dawlad cusub la dhiso doorashana la aaddo.

Smoke rises as clashes continue in the Sudanese capital on 16 April between the SAF and RSF. Source: Getty / Anadolu Agency

Dadka rayidka ah ayaa ku baaqay in hanti ay ku jiraan beero, ganacsiyo oo faa'iido badan laga sameeyo milatariga gacantiisa kaga saaro. Hantidaas ayaa awood dheeraad ah siinaysay milatariga oo masuuliadiisa qaarkood ku wareejiyay maleeshiyaad ka howlgala magaalooyinka yaryar.

Arin kale oo la isku qabtay ayaa ah sidii cadaalad loogu heli lahaa danbiyo dagaal oo la sheegay inay ku galeen milatariga iyo xulafadiisu dagaalkii Darfur wixii ka danbeeyay 2003.

Waa sidee xaaladda hadda ka jirta dalka?

Naba Mohiedeen, oo ah suxufi ku sugan Khartuum ayaa sheegay in xaaladu kacsan tahaya isaga oo ka digay in haddii aan la soo faragalin mid ka daran ay soo socoto.

"Bukaankii waxay ku xayiran yihiin cisbitaalada, ardaydu iskuuladii ay ku xaniban yihiin illaa shalay," ayuu u sheegay," SBS World News.

Labada hogaamiye ayaa ogolaaday 3 saacadood oo ay ku baxaan dad rayid ah, taas oo QM ka soo shaqaysay, laakiin ma suuroobin maadaama dagaalku sii socday.

General al-Burhan ayaa waraysi uu siiyay Al Jazeera Axadii wuxuu ku sheegay in ciidankiisu ay haystaan garoonka diyaaradaha, madaxtooyada iyo taliska ciidanka kadib markii ciidanka RSF ay hore u sheegteen inay gooabahaas haystaan.

Labada ciidan ayaan midkoodna sheegan inay masuul ka ahaayeen bilowga dagaalka.

Hayada cuntada aduunka ee WFP ayaa sheegtay inay hakisay howlihii ay ka waday goobaha gaajadu ka jirto ee Sudan kadib markii 3 ka mid ah shaqaalaheeda lagu dilay woqooyiga Darfur.

Qoraal ka soo baxay ciidanka ayaa lagu sheegay in wali iska horimaadyo ka socdaan meelo ku dhow taliska milatariga ee bartamaha Khartuum iyaadoo ciidanku sheegay RSF ay dad meel fog dadka kasoo shiisha ay dhismayaasha fuuleen laakiin uu ciidanku intaa ku daray in isha lagu hayo waxna laga qabandoono.